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Isolates: A Novel Technique for Identifying Genes



Within an app, all Dart code runs in an isolate.Each Dart isolate has a single thread of execution andshares no mutable objects with other isolates.To communicate with each other,isolates use message passing.Many Dart apps use only one isolate, the main isolate.You can create additional isolates to enableparallel code execution on multiple processor cores.


You can use these primitives directly for more granularcontrol over isolate functionality. For example, run() shutsdown its isolate after returning a single message. What if you want to allow multiple messages to pass between isolates?You can set up your own isolate much the same way run() is implemented,just utilizing the send() method of SendPort in a slightly different way.




isolates




When an isolate calls Isolate.spawn(),the two isolates have the same executable codeand are in the same isolate group.Isolate groups enable performance optimizations such as sharing code;a new isolate immediately runs the code owned by the isolate group.Also, Isolate.exit() works only when the isolatesare in the same isolate group.


The type III secretion system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa transports four known effector proteins: ExoS, ExoT, ExoU and ExoY. However, the prevalence of the type III secretion system genes or the effector-encoding genes in clinical and environmental isolates of P. aeruginosa has not been well studied. Southern hybridization analyses and PCR were performed on over 100 P. aeruginosa isolates to determine the distribution of these genes. Clinical isolates were obtained from urine, endotracheal, blood and wound specimens, from the sputum of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, and from non-hospital environmental sites. The popB gene was used as a marker for the presence of the large chromosomal locus encoding the type III secretion machinery proteins. Each isolate contained the popB gene, indicating that at least a portion of this large chromosomal locus was present in all isolates. Likewise, each isolate contained exoT-like sequences. In contrast, the exoS, exoU and exoY genes were variable traits. Overall, 72% of examined isolates contained the exoS gene, 28% contained the exoU gene, and 89% contained the exoY gene. Interestingly, an inverse correlation was noted between the presence of the exoS and exoU genes in that all isolates except two contained either exoS or exoU but not both. No significant difference in exoS, exoU or exoY prevalence was observed between clinical and environmental isolates or between isolates cultured from different disease sites except for CF respiratory isolates. CF isolates harboured the exoU gene less frequently and the exoS gene more frequently than did isolates from some of the other sites of infection, including the respiratory tract of patients without CF. These results suggest that the P. aeruginosa type III secretion system is present in nearly all clinical and environmental isolates but that individual isolates and populations of isolates from distinct disease sites differ in their effector genotypes. The ubiquity of type III secretion genes in clinical isolates is consistent with an important role for this system in human disease.


Isolates may have friendly relations with members of cliques and friendship groups, but they do not associate their identity with any particular group. Isolates can be voluntarily or involuntarily isolated from peer groups, cliques or friendship groups. Isolates, overall, may experience higher levels of depression than same-age peers. Studies by Ennett and Bauman (1993), found that isolates were more prone to smoke than members of friendship groups.[2] A study by Henrich et al. (2000), shows isolates, male and female, have more internalizing problems than non-isolates.[3] The study also shows female isolates have significantly lower GPAs than members of cliques.


Effective antiviral agents are urgently needed to combat the possible return of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Commercial antiviral agents and pure chemical compounds extracted from traditional Chinese medicinal herbs were screened against 10 clinical isolates of SARS coronavirus by neutralisation tests with confirmation by plaque reduction assays. Interferon-beta-1a, leukocytic interferon-alpha, ribavirin, lopinavir, rimantadine, baicalin and glycyrrhizin showed antiviral activity. The two interferons were only active if the cell lines were pre-incubated with the drugs 16 h before viral inoculation. Results were confirmed by plaque reduction assays. Antiviral activity varied with the use of different cell lines. Checkerboard assays for synergy were performed showing combinations of interferon beta-1a or leukocytic interferon-alpha with ribavirin are synergistic. Since the clinical and toxicity profiles of these agents are well known, they should be considered either singly or in combination for prophylaxis or treatment of SARS in randomised placebo controlled trials in future epidemics.


Learn how 2015 data were used to assess progress towards the Healthy People 2020 food safety topic area objectives related to antibiotic resistance in nontyphoidal Salmonella and Campylobacter jejuni isolates from humans. Read the progress report >


CDC has one of the largest collections of isolates gathered from national reference labs and tracking activities, taken from specimens in healthcare, food, and the community, like gonorrhea. Isolates are provided at no cost to approved institutions, and customers pay for shipping.


NARMS reports summarize antimicrobial resistance among enteric bacteria. The reports describe the number and type of isolates collected, their associated antimicrobial resistance, and trends in antimicrobial resistance. This webpage contains NARMS Human Isolates Reports dating back to 1997.


The CDC NARMS laboratory conducts antimicrobial resistance testing on isolates from sporadic cases and outbreaks of illness. The lab also confirms and studies bacteria that have new antimicrobial resistance patterns and performs research to understand the mechanisms of resistance and how they are spread.


An Isolate object allows other isolates to control the event loopof the isolate that it represents, and to inspect the isolate,for example by pausing the isolate or by getting events when the isolatehas an uncaught error.


The impact of bacterial genetic characteristics on the outcome of patients with Staphylococcus aureus infections is uncertain. This investigation evaluated potential associations between bacterial genotype and clinical outcome using isolates collected as part of an international phase 2 clinical trial (FAST II) evaluating telavancin for the treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections (cSSSI). Ninety S. aureus isolates from microbiologically evaluable patients with cSSSI enrolled in the FAST II trial from 11 sites in the United States (56 isolates, or 62%) and 7 sites in South Africa (34 isolates, or 38%) were examined for staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec, agr, and the presence of 31 virulence genes and subjected to pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). South African methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) isolates were more likely to carry certain virulence genes, including sdrD (P = 0.01), sea (P


Isolate represents an isolated instance of the V8 engine. V8 isolates have completely separate states. Objects from one isolate must not be used in other isolates. When V8 is initialized a default isolate is implicitly created and entered. The embedder can create additional isolates and use them in parallel in multiple threads. An isolate can be entered by at most one thread at any given time. The Locker/Unlocker API must be used to synchronize.


Outbreaks of invasive disease caused by Neisseria meningitidis(Nm) have increased in the United States in the 1990s. Rapid DNA-based methods with greater ability than serogrouping to distinguishNm strains could be useful for evaluation of potential outbreaks. Rep-PCR, which can be completed in 24-48 h, uses primers based on conserved, extragenic repetitive sequences (elements) to generate DNA fingerprints of bacterial isolates. We sought to determine the ability of rep-PCR to identify outbreak-related Nm isolates and discriminate among Nm strains. Methods: Forty-three Nm isolates of serogroup B or C were studied: 8 were possibly related to an outbreak in Houston, TX in 1981; 12 were from Los Angeles, CA (collected in 1985-86 by the CDC); and 23 were from Spain (collected in 1985-86; 17 of these represented ET-5 complex isolates). These 35 had been evaluated previously by others using multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE). Two fingerprint sets were generated from genomic DNA samples by PCR using primers based either on the Ngrep or the BOXA repetitive sequences (derived from Neisseria spp. and pneumococci, respectively). DNA band patterns were made by agarose gel electrophoresis of PCR amplicons. Fingerprint analysis and dendrogram construction were performed in a blinded fashion. Results: Each rep-PCR fingerprint set allowed correct identification of the 7 outbreak-related isolates among the 8 in the outbreak set. Among the other 35 isolates, MLEE had identified 17 strains. Rep-PCR using the Ngrep- and BOXA-based primers delineated 14 and 13 strains, respectively. Rep-PCR grouped the isolates from Los Angeles and Spain into four and three clusters, respectively, that were identical to the groupings by MLEE.Conclusions: DNA fingerprints produced by rep-PCR allowed identification of outbreak-related isolates in a blinded set. The ability of rep-PCR to discriminate between strains of Nm was similar to that of MLEE. Rep-PCR holds promise as a rapid, genome-based typing method for delineation of apparent outbreaks of Nm disease caused by strains with serogroup B or C. 2ff7e9595c


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